TEMPERA

Tempera

Explain:

-Fresco and Tempera were the main techniques used in the 13th century.
-First step to design is to construct the wooden panels of finely sanded poplar, linden, or willow wood
-Second step is to cover the panels and the wood with A LOT of gesso
-Third step is to sketch out with charcoal the design and drawing
-A gold layer is always added behind the figures in paintings in that age (gold leaf)
-Then the underpainting which then comes the final layers of tempera to finish the layers of the process
Based on Cennini
  
-Detailed descriptions of the way Cennini did things/painted
-There weren't any other 'technical handbooks' on technique during that era other than Cennini's   
-He tried and figured out ways in painting that would last

Shaped the way painting was done to preserve paintings
        i.e. Madonna and Child done by Duccio di Buoninsegna lasted a very long time because of this method
Created a very "golden feel" to this tempera method - influenced the look in that time